2012年6月21日 星期四

A Darkening Jobs Picture - NYTimes.com by David Leonhardt

2012-06-21

The jobs picture is darkening. The latest batch of economic data has been fairly weak, especially surveys from the manufacturing sector. As a result, The Times's weekly jobs tracker, based on forecasts from Moody's Analytics, now shows a projected employment gain of only 125,000 in June, down from a projection of 150,000 last week.

Economists at Moody's write:

June is shaping up as another difficult month for the U.S. job market, raising the odds that the Federal Reserve will have to do more, potentially as soon as August. ...

Manufacturing has been the backbone of the recovery, but industry is showing signs of fatigue; factory output has declined in two of the past three months. Manufacturers' confidence appears to have been rattled, as the first two regional manufacturing surveys for June were weak, including the employment details. ...

Initial jobless claims failed to drop appreciably in the week ending June 16, leaving them up 15,000 between the May and June payroll survey weeks. The four-week moving average of new filings is at its highest level this year. Still, initial claims haven't spiked, which signals that businesses are retrenching.

With Moody's also downgrading its projections for July and August, the latest outlook revises the projected average monthly job growth for the six-month period before the presidential election to 149,000, from last week's 157,000. That is still squarely in the range historically associated with a close electoral outcome, but not an encouraging direction for the incumbent.



Source: http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/21/a-darkening-jobs-picture/?pagewanted=print

發給神舟九號的電郵  / 論盡中港台 by 岑逸飛

21 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT

 神舟九號飛船,掀開中國航天史突破性一章。中國計劃在2020年建成自己的太空家園,屆時中國的空間站估計在世上先拔頭籌。

 

  這次神九有多項前所未有。其一,是首次實施神九與天宮一號的載人空間交會對接﹔其二,是首次搭載活體蝴蝶(卵和蛹)升空。破蛹成蝶和蝴蝶升空,代表著夢想的實現與飛躍﹔其三,航天員是兩男一女的飛行組,男的是景海鵬和劉旺,女的是劉洋,而神女劉洋,則可提供女性上太空的生理和心理的實驗數據﹔其四,是實現地面與飛船進行物資往返運輸,以及用電郵形式從地面向航天員傳送信息,內容包括音頻、視頻和文本文檔等數據格式。

 

  關於中國航天科技的發展,早已從1960年開始,在新疆的戈壁沙漠邊沿建設火箭試驗基地,開始研製人造衛星和運載火箭﹔到1970年,利用長征一型火箭,成功發射第一個人造衛星﹔在1980年,已有能力回收人造衛星﹔在1999年及2001年分別發射「神舟號」及「神舟二號」無人飛船﹔在 2002年3 月發射「神舟三號」無人飛船,但裝有人體代謝模擬裝置,也進行意外時的逃逸試驗﹔該年12月又發射神舟四號,在其返回艙內增加兩個座椅,坐著兩個模擬航天員,他們的工作、生活和醫護物品一應俱全,飛船且在太空展開太陽能帆板、調姿等動作。

 

  2003、2005年,神舟五號、六號載人飛船分別發射,並安全返回地球。神五升空,楊利偉整套重10公斤的宇航服沒有離身,他只在艙內進行簡單的科學實驗。神六在返回艙之外加了軌道艙,並首次在軌道艙展開微重力等多項實驗。2008年,神舟七號三名航天員有兩人首次出艙活動,並在艙內把宇航服換成連身操作服,除出艙外,還進行空間材料科學實驗。而神舟八號則於去年11月發射升空,並開展中德合作空間生命科學實驗。

 

  中國如今已是世界上繼美、俄之後,擁有載人航天技術的國家之一。這些科技不一定是最新的,卻是「懂得如何做的竅門」(know -how),並且累積其中的關鍵技術。作為中國人,此舉不但有助提升中國的國際聲望,也令相關科技,如生命及生物科技的研發水平全線提升。此外,航天科技也帶來經濟效益,令中國對研發過程的生產技術,擁有知識產權。

 

  作為中國人,理應對中國的航天科技引以為榮。如今航天員所收到的電郵,主要包括通過地面專用的平台傳送指導性視頻、飛行計劃、家屬來信以及收取自己喜歡的電影、音樂等。不過很多網民已急不及待,私下發出電郵,不理會航天員是否收到,而是借機批評當局,重視發展航天科技,神九光是燃油就燒掉三十多億人民幣,相對下較忽視老百姓面對的社會問題、民生問題。眼看內地的房價和物價標升、大學生就業困難、福利保障不足、食品安全失效、貪污腐敗盛行、貧富差距擴闊,航天科技先進又有何用﹖

 

  難怪有網民在慨嘆,今日中國是「飛船上天,道德探底」。這種映照固然令人痛心,但平情而論,航天科技與民生難道不可以兩者兼顧,而要勢成水火嗎﹖